浙江浙一电气有限公司

概述 Overview

矿用一般型高压无功补偿开关柜( 简称GKWB) 适用于非煤矿山10KV 的大中型工矿企业等负荷波动较功率因数需经常调节的变电站配电系统，也可广泛用于电力系统、城市输变站、机械、汽车、铁路、煤大、炭、有色金属、化工等行业。

The General High Voltage Reactive Power Compensation Switchgear (GKWB) for mining is suitable for non coal mining 10KV large and mediumsized industrial and mining enterprises and other substation distribution systems that require frequent adjustment of power factor due to load fluctuations. It can also be widely used in power systems, urban transmission stations, machinery, automobiles, railways, coal, coal, non-ferrous metals, chemical and other industries.

技术数据 Technical data

额定电压(kV):10

额定频率(Hz):50

电源电压:AC/DC220V+10%( 外接)

装置的一次原理接线如图2 所示。该图可作为本装置的图标，表示在电气一次系统接线图中。

Rated voltage (kV): 10

Rated frequency (Hz): 50

Power supply voltage: AC/DC220V+10% (external)

The primary principle wiring of the device is shown in Figure 2. This diagram can serve as the icon for this device, representing it in the electrical primary system wiring diagram.

适用范围 Scope of application

本补偿柜适用于煤矿无瓦斯、无粉尘爆炸场所及非煤矿山等其它类似的地下工业生产部门，为额定电压至10kV，与前级高压柜配套使用。

This compensation cabinet is suitable for underground industrial production departments such as coal mines with no gas, no dust explosion sites, and non coal mines. It has a rated voltage of up to 10kV and is used in conjunction with the previous high voltage cabinet.

功能特点 Functional Features

1、电压优先

按电压质量要求自动投切电容器，电压超出设定值时，逐步切除电容器组，直到电压合格为止。电压低于低设定值时，在保证不过载的条件下逐步投入电容器组，使母线电压始终处于规定范围。

2、无功自动补偿功能

在电压优先原则下，依据负荷无功功率大小自动投切电容器组，使系统始终处于无功损耗小状态

3、智能控制功能

自动发出动作指令前首先探询动作后可能出现的超限定值，减少动作次数。

4、异常报警功能当电容器控制回路继保动作拒动和控制器则自动闭锁改组电容器的自动控制。

5、模糊控制功能

当系统处于电压合格范围的高端且在某特定环境时如何实施综控原则是该系列产品设计的难点，由于现场诸多因素( 如配置环境、受电状况、动作时间、用户对动作次数的限制等) 而引起的频繁动作是用户为担忧的，应用模糊控制正是考虑了以上诸多因素使这一" 盲区" 得到合理解决。

6、综合保护功能

每套装置有开关保护( 选配)，过压、失压、过流( 短路) 和零序继电保护、双星形不平衡保护、熔断器过流保护、氧化锌避雷器、接地保护、速断保护等。

1. Voltage priority

Automatically switch capacitors according to voltage quality requirements. When the voltage exceeds the maximum set value, gradually cut off the capacitor bank until the voltage is qualified. When the voltage is lower than the minimum set value, gradually put the capacitor bank into operation while ensuring that it is not overloaded, so that the bus voltage is always within the specified range.

2. Reactive power automatic compensation function

Under the principle of voltage priority, the capacitor bank is automatically switched based on the reactive power of the load, so that the system is always in a state of minimum reactive power loss

3. Intelligent control function

Before automatically issuing action commands, first inquire about all possible out of limit values that may occur after the action, in order to reduce the number of actions.

4. The abnormal alarm function automatically locks and reorganizes the automatic control of the capacitor when the relay protection action of the capacitor control circuit refuses to move and the controller automatically locks.

5. Fuzzy control function

The implementation of comprehensive control principles when the system is at the high end of the qualified voltage range and in a specific environment is a difficult point in the design of this series of products. Frequent actions caused by various factors on site, such as configuration environment, power supply status, action time, and user restrictions on the number of actions, are the most concerning for users. The application of fuzzy control takes into account these many factors to reasonably solve this "blind spot".

6. Comprehensive protection function

Each device is equipped with switch protection (optional), overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent (short circuit) and zero sequence relay protection, double star unbalanced protection, fuse overcurrent protection, zinc oxide lightning arrester, grounding protection, quick break protection, etc.

补偿柜功能 Compensation cabinet function

1、无功补偿装置是根据系统电压和无功缺额等因素，通过综合测算，自动或手动投切电容器组，以提高电压质量、改善功率因数及减少线损。

2、本装置适用于无人值守变电站和谐波电压、谐波电流满足规定允许值的场合。

3、装置的数字式无功补偿控制器是根据九区图结合模糊控制原理、按电压优先和负荷无功功率以及投切次数限量等要求决定是否投切电容器组，使母线电压始终处于标准范围内，不过补，限度减少损耗。在电压允许的范围内依据负荷的无功要求将电容器组一次投切到位。在投入电容器之前预算电压升高量，如果超标则降低容量投入或不投入。异常情况时控制器发出指令退出电容器组，同时发出报警。故障排除后，手动解除报警才能再次投入自动工作方式。

1. Reactive power compensation device is a device that automatically or manually switches capacitor banks based on factors

such as system voltage and reactive power deficit, through comprehensive calculation, in order to improve voltage quality, improve

power factor, and reduce line loss.

2. This device is suitable for unmanned substations where the harmonic voltage and current meet the international allowable

values.

3. The digital reactive power compensation controller of the device is based on the nine zone diagram combined with fuzzy

control principle, and determines whether to switch the capacitor bank according to the requirements of voltage priority, load

reactive power, and limited switching times, so that the bus voltage is always within the standard range, ensuring no compensation

and minimizing losses. Within the allowable voltage range, switch the capacitor bank in place at once according to the reactive

power requirements of the load. Before investing in capacitors, budget for the voltage increase. If it exceeds the standard, reduce

the capacity investment or do not invest. When there is an abnormal situation, the controller issues a command to exit all capacitor

banks and sounds an alarm. After troubleshooting, manually release the alarm before returning to automatic operation mode.

补偿柜主要元器件及其作用 Main components and functions of compensation cabinet

1、放电线圈

1.1 额定绝缘水平: 达到国家标准要求。

1.2 放电性能: 电容量满足电容器的放电要求，满足在放电容量下放电时的热稳定要求，并满足二次负荷及电压变比误差的要求。5s内将电容器组上的剩余电压自额定电压峰值降至50V。

2、专用无功补偿控制器HYD-ZK

投切原理: 控制装置在保证电压质量的情况下，按照无功功率的大小，自动投切电容器组，使母线电压始终处于规定范围。

控制装置应能对电容器组自动进行优化控制，根据电压优先的原则，以所需无功大小自动投切电容器使系统始终处于不过压、不过补、无功损耗小的状态。控制装置应具备不同运行方式自动识别能力，能自动识别电容器安装组数，并根据每组的容量进行智能预测，配合参数的合理设置，不发生投切振荡; 能实现循环投切的控制方式，能对电容器组先投先切; 具有手动、自动控制功能，自动与手动互锁，在手动投切时，控制器自动闭锁退出控制; 控制装置有死机自恢复功能，具有抗干扰能力，装置有来电自检闭锁功能。

自动投切控制符合以下原则:

(1) 电压优先控制原则: 电压超高定值时，切除电容器组; 电压超低定值时，在保证不过补条件下投电容器组。

(2) 无功补偿控制原则( 既电压合格范围时的原则): 无功欠补投电容器组，无功过补切电容器组; 投电容器之前先探询是否投后电压超高限，再决定是否投电容( 由软件模糊理论分析决定)。

(3) 模糊控制原则: 预设投切支路的容量，实时监测系统的有功功率、无功功率，根据设定的参数投切负荷要求的支路。

3、电容器单台保护用熔断器

型号: 喷逐式熔断器

3.1、额定电流: 熔断器的熔丝额定电流不小于电容器额定电流的1.43 倍，并不大于电容器额定电流的1.55 倍。

3.2、耐压要求: 达到国家标准要求。

4、高压隔离开关

用来控制补偿柜的投入和退出，与补偿柜的进线开关柜有互锁，在补偿柜需要检修或调试时，与系统隔离并形成明显的断开点。

5、真空接触器

电容型专用接触器

投切开关具有任意投切的功能; 具有频繁投切的能力; 分闸时触头无明显弹跳、熔焊; 分闸时不应发生重击穿; 具有承受合闸涌流的能力。

6、过电压保护用避雷器

技术要求及运行条件符合GB11032《交流无间隙金属氧化物避雷器》中的相关规定。

7、电抗器

7.1、使用条件: 使用环境条件与电容器成套装置使用环境条件相同。

7.2、型式: 干式铁芯电抗器

额定频率:50HZ 相数: 三相额定电抗率:6%

1. Discharge coil

1.1 Rated insulation level: meets the requirements of national standards.

1.2 Discharge performance: The capacitance meets the discharge requirements of the capacitor, meets the thermal stability requirements when discharging at the maximum discharge capacity, and meets the requirements of secondary load and voltage transformation ratio error. Reduce the residual voltage on the capacitor bank from the peak rated voltage to 50V within 5 seconds.

2. Dedicated reactive power compensation controller HYD-ZK

Switching principle: The control device automatically switches the capacitor bank according to the magnitude of reactive power while ensuring voltage quality, so that the bus voltage is always within the specified range.

The control device should be able to automatically optimize the control of the capacitor bank, and according to the principle of voltage priority, automatically switch the capacitors based on the required reactive power level

Keep the system in a state of no overvoltage, no compensation, and minimal reactive power loss. The control device should have the ability to automatically identify different operating modes, recognize the number of capacitor installation groups, and make intelligent predictions based on the capacity of each group. With the reasonable setting of parameters, it should not experience switching oscillations; Can achieve a control mode of cyclic switching, and can switch the capacitor bank first; It has manual and

automatic control functions, with automatic and manual interlocking. When manually switching, the controller automatically locks and exits the control; The control device has a self recovery function for system crashes, anti-interference capability, and a self check locking function for incoming calls.

The automatic switching control conforms to the following principles:

(1) Voltage priority control principle: When the voltage exceeds the set value, cut off the capacitor bank; When the voltage is set too low, the capacitor bank should be put into operation under the condition of ensuring no additional compensation.

(2) The principle of reactive power compensation control (i.e. the principle when the voltage is within the qualified range): reactive power under compensation is applied to the capacitor bank, and reactive power over compensation is applied to the capacitor bank; Before inserting the capacitor, inquire whether the voltage exceeds the high limit after insertion, and then decide whether to insert the capacitor (determined by software fuzzy theory analysis).

(3) Fuzzy control principle: preset the capacity of switching branches, monitor the active and reactive power of the system in real time, and switch the branches required by the load according to the set parameters.

3. Single protection fuse for capacitors

Model: Spray type fuse

3.1 Rated current: The rated current of the fuse of the fuse shall not be less than 1.43 times the rated current of the capacitor, and shall not be greater than 1.55 times the rated current of the capacitor.

3.2. Voltage resistance requirement: Meet the national standard requirements.

4. High voltage isolation switch

Used to control the input and output of the compensation cabinet, it is interlocked with the incoming switch cabinet of the compensation cabinet. When the compensation cabinet needs maintenance or debugging, it is isolated from the system and forms a clear disconnection point.

5. Vacuum contactor

Capacitive special contactor

The switching switch has the function of arbitrary switching; Capable of frequent switching; There is no obvious bouncing or welding of the contacts when opening the circuit; There should be no heavy impact when opening the switch; Capable of withstanding surge currents during closing.

6. Surge arrester for overvoltage protection

The technical requirements and operating conditions comply with the relevant provisions of GB11032 "AC gapless metal oxide surge arrester".

7. Reactor

7.1. Usage conditions: The usage environmental conditions are the same as those of the complete capacitor device.

7.2 Type: Dry type iron core reactor

Rated frequency: 50HZ Number of phases: Three phases Rated reactance rate: 6